These days, it can take a long time to pay off a car loan. On average, car loans come with terms lasting for more than five years. Paying down a car loan isnât that different from paying down a mortgage. In both cases, a large percentage of your initial payments go toward paying interest. If you donât understand why, you might need a crash course on a concept called amortization.
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Car Loan Amortization: The Basics
Amortization is just a fancy way of saying that youâre in the process of paying back the money you borrowed from your lender. In order to do that, youâre required to make a payment every month by a certain due date. With each payment, your money is split between paying off interest and paying off your principal balance (or the amount that your lender agreed to lend you).
What youâll soon discover is that your car payments â at least in the beginning â cover quite a bit of interest. Thatâs how amortization works. Over time, your lender will use a greater share of your car payments to reduce your principal loan balance (and a smaller percentage to pay for interest) until youâve completely paid off the vehicle you purchased.
Not all loans amortize. For example, applying for a credit card is akin to applying for a loan. While your credit card statement will include a minimum payment amount, thereâs no date set in advance for when that credit card debt has to be paid off.
With amortizing loans â like car loans and home loans â youâre expected to make payments on a regular basis according to something called an amortization schedule. Your lender determines in advance when your loan must be paid off, whether thatâs in five years or 30 years.
The Interest on Your Car Loan
Now letâs talk about interest. Youâre not going to be able to borrow money to finance a car purchase without paying a fee (interest). But thereâs a key difference between simple interest and compound interest.
When it comes to taking out a loan, simple interest is the amount of money thatâs charged on top of your principal. Compound interest, however, accounts for the fee that accrues on top of your principal balance and on any unpaid interest.
Related Article: How to Make Your First Car Purchase Happen
As of April 2016, 60-month new car loans have rates that are just above 3%, on average. Rates for used cars with 36-month terms are closer to 4%.
The majority of car loans have simple interest rates. As a borrower, thatâs good news. If your interest doesnât compound, you wonât have to turn as much money over to your lender. And the sooner you pay off your car loan, the less interest youâll pay overall. You can also speed up the process of eliminating your debt by making extra car payments (if thatâs affordable) and refinancing to a shorter loan term.
Car Loan Amortization Schedules
An amortization schedule is a table that specifies just how much of each loan payment will cover the interest owed and how much will cover the principal balance. If you agreed to pay back the money you borrowed to buy a car in five years, your auto loan amortization schedule will include all 60 payments that youâll need to make. Beside each payment, youâll likely see the total amount of paid interest and whatâs left of your car loanâs principal balance.
While the ratio of whatâs applied towards interest versus the principal will change as your final payment deadline draws nearer, your car payments will probably stay the same from month to month. To view your amortization schedule, you can use an online calculator thatâll do the math for you. But if youâre feeling ambitious, you can easily make an auto loan amortization schedule by creating an Excel spreadsheet.
To determine the percentage of your initial car payment thatâll pay for your interest, just multiply the principal balance by the periodic interest rate (your annual interest rate divided by 12). Then youâll calculate whatâs going toward the principal by subtracting the interest amount from the total payment amount.
For example, if you have a $25,000 five-year car loan with an annual interest rate of 3%, your first payment might be $449. Out of that payment, youâll pay $62.50 in interest and reduce your principal balance by $386.50 ($449 â $62.50). Now you only have a remaining balance of $24,613.50 to pay off, and you can continue your calculations until you get to the point where you donât owe your lender anything.
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Final Word
Auto loan amortization isnât nearly as complicated as it might sound. It requires car owners to make regular payments until their loans are paid off. Since lenders arenât required to hand out auto amortization schedules, it might be a good idea to ask for one or use a calculator before taking out a loan. That way, youâll know how your lender will break down your payments.
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